Cultural Values in The Left Hand of Darkness, The Fellowship of the Rin

Shaping of Cultural Values Through Environment in The Left Hand of Darkness, The Fellowship of the Ring, and dune Ursuala K. LeGuins The Left Hand of Darkness was written after J.R.R. Tolkiens The Fellowship of the Ring and Frank Herberts Dune. One of the most interesting comparisons between the three novels is how the authors treat the bonk of cross-cultural misunderstandings. All three works contain many incidents where people of one race or planet encounter people of a contrasting race or from a different planet. Tolkien treats this issue in a specisitc or physiological manner. The cultural misunderstandings and clashes that arise in The Fellowship of the Ring argon delinquent to the differing physiology of the characters. Herbert deals with cultural misunderstandings in an environmental manner. In Herberts world, cultural values depend less on which species a character belong to (because all characters reckon to be roughly human) and instead depend on environme ntal variables. In The Left Hand of Darkness, LeGuin combines both approaches. The cultural misunderstandings between Genly Ai and Gethenians are due both to difference in physiology and different cultural values imprinted by environmental factors . Tolkiens physiological approach is best seen by examining the hobbits attitude towards the outside world. The hobbits are suspicious of, and generally do not understand, non-Hobbits. This can be seen by the Shires constant suspicion of Bilbos past adventures. The miller Sandyman comments on Bilbos adventures Elves and Dragons I says to him. Cabbages and potatoes are develop for me and you. Dont go getting mixed up in the business of your betters, or youll land in trouble too... ...iologically different from the Gethenians and take places from a planet with a altogether different environment. Both of these factors lead to numerous misunderstandings in LeGuins novel. The difference in the three authors approaches may be seen in the debate between genetics and environment may be the broader issue. Tolkien seems to take the genetics side, Herbert takes the environmental side, and LeGuin, being the daughter of an anthropologist, realizes that both genetics and environment determine cultural values. These values often come into conflict, and when they do, misconceptions and misunderstandings are almost inevitable. Works Cited Herbert, Frank. Dune 1984, Chilton Book participation LeGuin, Ursula L. The Left Hand of Darkness 1969, Ace Book Company Tolkien, J.R.R. The Fellowship of the Ring 1993, Houghton Mifflin Company

Wedding Toast - Best Man Essay -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Wedding Speech - Best ManAfternoon everyone, firstly, the city council have asked me to requestthat, for wellness and safety reasons, none of you get up on top of the chairsand tables during my standing ovation.Im sure youll all admit this has turned out to be a fabulous weddingcelebration, yet every silver- lining does have a cloud, and that is,unfortunately that youve all got to listen to me for a hardly a(prenominal) minutes.Id just like to start by thanking everyone on behalf of the Bride andgroom, for sharing their wedding day, although personally I wish youd allstayed at home, because things would have been a lot easier on me. Id also like to thank you George, on behalf of the bridesmaids for your kindwords and also my personal thanks for giving me the opportunity to dresslike Lawrence Llewellyn Bowen and for finally admitting after all theseyears that I am the best man. This book tells you to start all speeches with a joke & I promise Ill startshortly. It also says that you are the most forgiving reference & youlllaugh at the lamest joke. Over the next 10 minutes I will be severelytesting this theory. ...I was really nervous before hand, so I prepared a few lines - and havingsnorted them Im feeling pretty good right now...I didnt think I was going to be that nervous solely believe me this is not thefirst time today that Ive stood up from a warm seat with a bit of pap... ...h, fruity and intoxicating to the mind and consequently turn full bodiedwith age until they go all sour and vinegary, which inevitably gives you aheadache.In all seriousness though George, it has been a colossal honour to have been yourbest man here today, but more importantly to have known you as a truefriend of yours all over the last 14 years. I sincerely wish you the happiest ofmarriages and may our friendship continue for many years to come. I started planning this speech a few weeks ago.... & it must feel like Ivebeen delivering it that long. So it gives me immense pleasur e, not tomention relief, to invite you all - well those who still can - to stand.Ladies and gentlemen, George and Julie

Cindy Sherman Essay -- essays research papers

Artist Cindy ShermanBorn 1954 Glen Ridge, NJ and raised in suburban Long IslandSchool Earned a BA Degree in 1976, Buffalo State University of N.Y., where she initially studied painting. She failed the requisite introductory photography course because of her difficulties with the technological aspects of making a print. She ascribe her next photography teacher with introducing her to conceptual art, which she says had a liberating effect on her. Graduated in 1977 and moved to N.Y.Exhibit First survey exhibition of her work, the Stedelijk Museum, capital of The Netherlands 1982 followed by a retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art, N.Y. 1987 The complete series (Film Stills) was first exhibited at the Hirshhorn Museum in Washington D.C., 1995 Lives and works in N.Y. Film Stills serial of black and white photographs created from 1977 to 1980, series of 69, includes 7 color works ranging in date from 1980 to 1992 Many taken in Shermans apartment, she plays every role her self, although they are non self-portraits. She does not reveal herself, but shows the many masks of f...

The Downfall of a Great Teacher Essay -- Interview Essay

The Downfall of a Great Teacher Surrounded by a circle of students, Mr. Garrett answered questions, gave instructions, and explained assignments. I slowly approached the circle and stood on its periphery. Four years ago, I had been an insider. Now I was an outsider, who peered over the chattering students and slipped into the circle undetected. Old high school memories came surge back. A few moments passed before Mr. Garrett turned to me with a smile. Katie he said, Its good to see you. Ill be with you in just a minute. twist to a student on his left, he asked her if she understood the assignment. Of course, Mr. Garrett. Your class is easy. Easy? Mr. Garrett? Was she talking about the same Mr. Garrett who had required us to read The Octopus and The lifespan of Malcolm X just four years ago? I wondered. Maybe I had not heard her correctly. What I remember about Mr. Garretts eleventh-grade honors slope class was the challenge. Good grades were not earned easily in a class of students concerned about one thinggetting into a reputable university. That meant earning nothing less than an A. And Mr. Garrett made us work for it. Class periods were spent analyzing difficult literature, reviewing and practicing English grammar, and developing our writing skills. Furthermore, Mr. Garretts encouragement and concern for his students were evident. I may have wondered if I would receive an A in his class, but I never wondered about his dedication and love for pedagogics. Still reminiscing, I took a seat at the back of the classroom while Mr. Garrett took roll from a seating chart. Meanwhile, the class busied itself with a Daily Oral Language exercise. The exercise asked students to corr... ...ntial in this area, I explained. I dont want to move back home and live with my parents. Mr. Garrett seemed to understand my explanation. As our conversation came to a close, I realized that it was not Mr. Garrett the person who had changed, but Mr. Garrett the teacher. The observation and interview echoed an important theme in The Roller Coaster Yearthe need to keep ones teaching fresh and new and to somehow avoid teacher burn-out. I left my old high school feeling melancholy and a bit pitiful a person whom Id admired, respected, and esteemed for many years had come down from his pedestal in one short afternoon. As an experienced and seasoned teacher who now has become a victim of teacher burn-out, Mr. Garrett taught me the sizeableness of maintaining a crispness in ones teaching and the importance of taking preventive measures to avoid such a fate.

The Powerful Use of Tone in John Colliers The Chaser :: John Collier The Chaser

The Powerful Use of Tone in John Colliers The Chaser Alan Austen, as nervous as a kitten, went up sure dark and creaky stairs in the neighborhood of Pell Street . . . From the very outset of John Colliers The Chaser, the protagonist, Mr. Austen, appears to be very apprehensive. While it may seem that a young man who is venturing into a strange old mans house to buy some sort of love potion is actually quite fearless, it is made clear by dint of Colliers use of tone that Alan is anything but brave. Interestingly, while his situation pertaining to his sweetheart, Diana, never changes, Alan is so taken with the old mans words (which are really nothing more than a sales pitch) that he actually allows himself to let down his guard and be taken advantage of. Collier drastically alters Alans demeanor over the course of his brief visit in fact, by the end of the story, Colliers use of tone has changed he who was once nervous as a kitten into a man overwhelmed with joy. He achieves this t ransition through his physical descriptions of Austen, as well as Austens own words, and his fading skepticism surrounding the old man and his goods. The very first personal line of credit of the book provides the most powerful and captivating image of Austen nervous as a kitten, slowly walking up creaky stairs, peering about for a farsighted time on the dim landing. Collier is creating a clear sense of apprehension right away. This makes the contrast all the more striking when Mr. Austen relaxes later on. For now, he is very nervous. He pushed open the door, as he had been told to do, Collier writes. This gives the impression that had Austen not been instructed to open the door, he may have just taken the chance to turn around and head home. It is clear that Austen is not really sure if he even wants to enter the tiny apartment, let alone do outlawed business with the complete stranger inside. Nevertheless, he continues on, as if driven by necessity. Once inside, his attitude begins to change quite rapidly. Though his initial apprehension is bear witness by his stuttering and his incomplete sentences, this quickly evolves into a keen interest, almost an infatuation, with the old mans goods. While he tries to avoid discussion of the poisons (I want nothing of the sort, he states with an ironic air of finality,) he is consumed with the powers of the love potion.

The Powerful Use of Tone in John Colliers The Chaser :: John Collier The Chaser

The Powerful Use of Tone in John Colliers The Chaser Alan Austen, as nervous as a kitten, went up certain dark and rheumy st aureoles in the neighborhood of Pell Street . . . From the very outset of John Colliers The Chaser, the protagonist, Mr. Austen, appears to be very apprehensive. While it may seem that a young existence who is venturing into a strange old mans house to buy some sort of love potion is actually quite fearless, it is made clear through Colliers use of calibre that Alan is anything but brave. Interestingly, while his situation pertaining to his sweetheart, Diana, never changes, Alan is so taken with the old mans words (which are really nothing more than a sales pitch) that he actually allows himself to let down his guard and be taken advantage of. Collier drastically alters Alans demeanor over the course of his brief visit in fact, by the end of the story, Colliers use of tone has changed he who was once nervous as a kitten into a man overwhelmed with joy. He achieves this transition through his physical descriptions of Austen, as well as Austens own words, and his fading skepticism surrounding the old man and his goods. The very first line of the book provides the approximately powerful and captivating image of Austen nervous as a kitten, slowly walking up creaky stairs, peering about for a long time on the dim landing. Collier is creating a clear sense of apprehension right away. This makes the contrast all the more striking when Mr. Austen relaxes later on. For now, he is very nervous. He pushed open the door, as he had been told to do, Collier writes. This gives the impression that had Austen not been instructed to open the door, he may have just taken the opportunity to turn well-nigh and head home. It is clear that Austen is not really sure if he even wants to enter the tiny apartment, let alone do illegal business with the all over stranger inside. Nevertheless, he continues on, as if driven by necessity. Once inside, his atti tude begins to change quite rapidly. Though his initial apprehension is evidenced by his stuttering and his uncomplete sentences, this quickly evolves into a keen interest, almost an infatuation, with the old mans goods. While he tries to avoid discussion of the poisons (I want nothing of the sort, he states with an ironic air of finality,) he is consumed with the powers of the love potion.

Kant or Mill

Instructor Gallup Kant or Mill 14 November 2011 The topic of Kant and John Stuart Mill produces much debate. Both scholars confirm their own beliefs that they deem to be appropriate point of views in the way man should view a moral life. In this paper I forge on elaborating on both Kant and Mills point of views. This paper ordain first talk ab place John Stuart Mills beliefs on morality and what he deems appropriate. Then in the next segment of the paper, Kant views will be dissected and discussed.Only after c atomic number 18ful consideration of both men points of view, will I distinguish a stance on the philosopher that I deem to be the more adept. In concluding my results I will state my destruction remarks on the topic of Mill and Kant. John Stuart Mill believed in what he called Utilitarianism. I want to say utilitarianism was the belief in doing what is pricy solely for the great good of the masses. Now with that definition of the consideration being stated. I asked m yself how could that be achieved. Mills belief is that merriment of the masses should result in happiness throughout.That happiness should be attainable beca workout of his belief that we were all born with a clean slate and all we had in our heads are sense perceptions (Mil block 1Page 3 Paragraph 4). Okay, if that is true all we would have to do is teach our kids that we should do the right thing and the world would be fixed. Unfortunately, the block material states that man has had these problems from the cross of philosophy. So unfortunately we would not be able to fix the problem that easy. If the world could be fixed that easily I would not have had to take this class.Mills theories stuck out in comparison, especially when he gave his thoughts on utilitarianism in a systematic view. This was when he gave his ideas of pleasure and pain. That morality is groundednamely, that pleasure, and freedom from pain, are the further things preferable as barricades and that all desira ble things (which are as numerous in the utilitarian as in any other scheme) are desirable either for the pleasure inherent in themselves, or as means to the promotion of pleasure and the prevention of pain (Mill-Block 2/page 3/ carve up 1). After I read this passage.It made me think of laziness in people. Good come from pain. The old saying is nothing easy is good and good things require hard work in order to be attained. The second theory of John Stuart Mill that I would like to point out is on quality and quantity. In my opinion, Mill use deductive reason outing to conscionableify the claim of quality being something that you have or you dont have. On the other hand he talked about quantity and how some act gave a large amount of pleasure and how some act gave a minuscular amount of pleasure. The best example of this theory is m wholenessy.Yes, if you have a large quantity of cash. Your quality of life does improve and your happiness could either improve or decrease. Depending on your moral worth. If you take a person that is not moral at heart the quantity or quality of his possessions will not ingest him to the happiness that Mill was theorizing on. Kant is my next subject matter of discussion. His views are more convoluted and difficult to explain. Kant views were that on, what he would believe to be, the base of altruistic good. The first axis vertebra on Kants theory that I would like to present is his take on coherent good will.What I got out of the reading on his rational good will theory was even if you do a good deed it still might not possess characteristic of determinism or egoisms. That cleverness was being true and just. In Kants block on metaphysics of morals (Block-1/page-2 /Paragraph-1) states Nothing kitty possibly be conceived in the world, or even out of it, which can be called good, without qualification good without qualification, except a good will. The text tells us that happiness cannot be the purpose of humanity. Yet good wi ll brings happiness.Kant argues that we can have happiness without reason and reason without happiness. Because we are instinctive people and our morals should be based upon our instincts not on our prejudged beliefs of a particular or accidental outcome. Acts d unmatched from duty are the truly altruistic ones act that simply accord with Duty are those that appear to be altruistic besides actually have self-serving motivation (Kant- Block 2, Paragraph 7). Duty is another coined term in Kants arsenal that required a batch of thought on what he really meant when he used the term.My breakdown of duty is doing an unselfish act dapple helping others in the process while doing what right for nature under their own free will. Between the two great philosophers there are many differences in there beliefs. Yet the one belief that they do have in common believes that their view was the more just for morality. In conclusion Kants philosophy is undoubtedly the more just and moral. Mills wor k was more understandable as I was reading to text. Yet Kants theorys just made more sense to me end the end. When you look at Mills view on utilitarianism.The examples that he gives would only work if a person were a Saint. There are not a number of people that will put other people in front of themselves. Kants views are more based rough real-life instances that would occur in the real world. Kants View on law was really the turning point in my decision on which side to take. The term law in Kants usage meant of natural being. I took it as being free to make decision on you own free will. These laws he spoke of were the basic of life. It refers to what I called the golden rule. Those Golden rules were what he uses to judge morality.In Kant (Block 4 / paragraph 17) states and should I be able to say myself, Every one may make a deceitful promise when he finds himself in a difficulty from that he cannot extricate himself? Then I presently suit aware that while I can lie, I can by no means will that lying should be a universal law. Kant precious to base results of actions on the action, while Mill wanted to base his results on the outcome of the action. In both cases you can have just cause. Yet, I move to be more on the side of Kants views. I too feel that an act can be good without having a good end result.For example, if a man goes to jail and the bailiff forgets to fingerprint you it would be a goo deed to go back and get fingerprinted. Which is truly an altruistic deed. If I were to use that same example and base it off of Mills theories it would have a different end result. Under Mills laws more that plausibly a person would not even consider the thought of going back to a jail to be fingerprinted because it does not produce any happiness. The reason I chose Kants views is because he make a better argument on the bases that morality can bring pain and still be just with or without a happy ending.

Research Assignment Essay

To understand the what the advantages of a suggestive language as opposed to a procedural language, we must understand the difference between the two. A procedural language such as FORTRAN or Cabal (There are more) give precise instructions that tell the computer what to do. In other manner of speaking a procedural language is your basic if-this, then-that. Specific variables are defined that tell the CPU how to process information. It takes a programmer that cognises the intimate details of how the enter break downs to ensure that programs work the way they are supposed to.In a declarative language, language is used that in its simplest form, just makes sense. There is no intricate code that is confusing. One example in SQL would be creating tables CREATE TABLE Employee. The user nookie create a simple table without having to know the inner workings of how the table is actually created.The advantage of declarative language is that it makes life so much easier for the everyday user to function in declarative programs without being a programmer. When a user types something in, the language just makes more sense to the everyday user and there is also plenty of information that can be found to aid in using declarative languages.Procedural language can have its advantages though. This is true for security reasons. This allows only those that are growing a program to know the inner workings of the program. In my opinion it is a good deterrent for unskilled persons to make modifications to programs that use procedural language. sail joins are legitimate for several reasons. The main reason is to cut down the amount of information that the informationbase is searching for. This also aids in increased performance. If gravel joins were not allowed then the program would return much more information that is needed resulting in increased time to sort the data. This is example is two- fold the databasewould work harder to retrieve information and the person lookin g at the returned information would have to work harder to sort it.I could imagine persons that are making inquiries across a WAN connection via a VPN making an inquiry and needing that specific data quickly. If cross joins were not allowed then can one imagine how much data is being sent across the internet or how much bandwidth is being used? In addition to that idea what about the integrity of data that any(prenominal) given person has access too? Cross joins allow for increased productivity, less strain on the database resources and security filtering of information.References-http//www.academia.edu/306590/A_COMPARISON_OF_DECLARATIVE_AND_PROCEDURAL_CONSTRAINTS_IN_DATABASE_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEMShttp//www.teach- www.teach-ict.com/as_as_computing/ocr/H447/F453/3_3_6/types_language/miniweb/pg3.htm

Eng 102 Poetry Essay

Denise K. Steen February 28, 2012 English 102 Option 2 Reflections in spite of appearance is a non-traditional stanzaic poem do up of five stanzas concuring 30-four soak ups that do not form a ad hoc metrical pattern. Rather it is supported by its thematic structure. Each of the five stanzas vary in the amount of overseas telegrams that each contain. The freshman stanza is a hexad containing six caudexs. The same can be observed of the chip stanza. The third gear stanza contains octonaryer dividing confines of merchandises or an octave. Stanzas four and five atomic number 18 oddly in that their subprogram of lines which are five and ennead.Beginning with the first line in the first stanza, The Earths cool breeze spoke to me, the criterion examined within this line is trimeter, containing s charge syllables, iambic and anapaestic. The second line in the stanza, He said, Come to be free, also trimeter, continues with the iambic syllable and introduces a trochee wit hin its six syllables. The formal characteristics of the first deuce lines in jointure with its text edition suggests a learnmingly dispassionate reservoir with a hint of possibility that something is about to change. For example, the meter is the same and the structure of the syllables in each line are akin(predicate) with spl closingid differences.The third line, fly with me, in my winds over the seas. contains five feet of meter or pentameter, whither the pyrrhic syllable is introduced to accompany the previously introduced trochee and iambic syllables in this nine-spot syllable line. The continuance of the second sentence into line three and then pisseds after seas, paired with the change in meter, suggests the end of consistency and a grind away in to what is to come. Be the element that I need. , the hotshot-quarter , eight syllable line, is write in trimeter with trochee and anapestic syllables.This line returns us to the familiar feeling of the first devil lin es repeating the trimeter with trochee and anapestic syllables that are present t here(predicate). The fifth line, Without you, turbulent winds I stir, nine iambic, spondee and anapestic syllables are indite in tetrameter. The last line of the first stanza, calling my anger from above striking the Earth. is written in hexameter, containing twelve syllables of trochee, iambic and pyrrhic meters. The fifth and sixth line combined contain all of the syllables used in the first four lines of the stanza iambic, trochee, spondee, anapestic and pyrrhic.This combination suggests the importance of all the elements of the first four lines and similarwise are repeated here. strange the chaotic organisation of meter throughout the first stanza, the rhyme system of rules is to a greater extent invariable. Masculine rhyme is present here with an end rhyme of aabbcc me, free, seas, need, stir, Earth. This more consistent pattern continues into the second stanza. In the next six lines of th e second sestet the pattern becomes clearly parallel to its text. The seventh line, As I refused, the hawk started to pound, is measured in pentameter with iambic and pyrrhic syllables.The eighth line, and I wondered if his love would ever be found. , repeats the pentameter and the iambic syllable scarcely drops the pyrrhic and is replaced by the anapestic syllable. The difference in the softness of the pyrrhic two unstressed syllables and the anapest, two unstressed syllables followed by a sharper stressed syllable is symbolic of the text, exhibiting compassion during chaos. The ordinal line, I believe when the first laser like decipherablening cracked the sky, fourteen syllables in hexameter with iambic, anapest and an added spondee syllable suggests a rise in the event. The tenth line, the Earths atmospheric state sure as shooting died. exhibits a resist in its eight syllables from its previous fourteen. There is also a drop in meter from hexameter, six feet, to tetrameter of four feet. Lastly, a drop in the type of syllables in these two lines leaves us with the iambic and spondee. These obvious declines in the formal characteristics of the text are synonymous to a decline in life or simply death. Again in the eleventh and twelth lines of the second stanza, Dirt gray calumniates filtered the air above, And fair as I began to cry, we see a repeated pattern of the tetrameter and again the iambic, anapestic and spondee syllables while dropping the anapest in the twelth line.This symbolizes the familiar that is about to proceed in the text. The rhyme scheme in the second stanza ddeefg brings us to an end in the texts relation to the Earths cool breeze just as the rhyme pattern discontinues from its previous flow, aabbcc. The third stanza which label the middle of the poem begins, The Ocean said, Come flow freely with me with ten syllables written in pentameter accompanied by iambic, spondee and trochee syllables. A steady rhythm in meter is noted in t he next four lines which declines to trimeter for all four lines. Line fourteen, and the creatures in my seas. contains pyrrhic, trochee and anapestic syllables. The fifteenth line in trimeter, Here your divide will disappear, contains for the first time in the poem, a dactyllic syllable accompanied by the iambic syllable. Line sixteen, and your worries will cease. contains again the iambic syllable now accompanied by the pyrrhic syllable. The last line in the series of trimeter lines is line seventeen which states, Be the element that I need. . concludes the metered pattern. In lines fourteen through seventeen the meter is measured the same, however there is a new element added to the syllables previously used in the beginning stanzas.The repeated trimeter is suggestive of familiar situation but the new syllable is symbolic of the relation to the new element in the text, the Ocean. A change, line eighteen, Without you, dangerous piddles will come to the shores, spikes with its t hirteen syllables written in an inclined meter of pentameter and includes a mesh of anapest, dactyl, pyrrhic and iambic syllables indicating a heightening of awareness or danger. Line nineteen continues, calling the pain from my naval floors, declines to tetrameter while still containing a mess of syllables, the dactyl, trochee, spondee and iambic, suggesting a heed in warning.The twentieth line concludes, and the Earths agriculture will be no more. , declines to eight syllables written in tetrameter now only including the pyrrhic, spondee and iambic syllables is suggestive of a last reasonable plea before chaos begins again. The rhyme scheme in the third stanza is not superstar of an established category, hh (end rhyme me, seas) ii (internal rhyme tears, disappear) hh (end rhyme) jjj (end rhyme shores, floors, more). There is almost an asymmetrical balance in the third stanza between the consistent formal characteristics such as the repeated meter and rhyme scheme to the varianc e in usage of syllables.Both are about equal in aim suggesting that peace exists within the chaos of the text. In the fourth stanza we will observe how the text begins to transcend through its formal characteristics and signals a coming to a close or better phrased, resolution. The twenty first line continues, As I rejected the offer he had for me, a familiar variation of line seven, is written in hexameter with iambic, pyrrhic and trochee syllables. The next line, White waves began to crash rythmically lowers to tetrameter and contains nine syllables, spondee, iambic and dactyl.Here the recession in meter is suggestive in comparison to the text and signals to the lector a familiar situation seen earlier in the text. Line twenty three continues on, and just as I began to swim, eight syllables written in tetrameter, again, accompanied only by pyrrhic and iambic syllables signifies a hault in the pace of the text, another change, a possible resolution. Line twenty four infracts a s light change, A beam of light struck through and within, although the meter is the same as the last, the pyrrhic syllable is dropped and the anapest is added while continuing with the iambic syllable.The last line in the stanza continues, the clouds and shown down on the Oceans body. , one step up from tetrameter to the supporting pentameter and a few added syllables as seen before, the pyrrhic, iambic, trochee and anapestic. Stable with a slight change in formal characteristics indicates a window of hope, an open door or a light at the end of the tunnel, when compared to its subject matter. It is here where favorable position truly begins to make an appearance. The rhyme scheme in the fourth stanza is much like the pattern in the first stanza with one exception.The pattern seen here in the fourth is as follows kkllm (me-rhythmically, swim-within, body). There is no pairing rhyme for m. Suggesting that the subject has lost something between the first and the fourth stanza. The fina l and fifth elongated stanza of nine lines begins, It was the Earths mother star and she said,, in ten syllables of pentameter with trochee and iambic syllables. The twenty seventh line, Yield your fear and dry up that tear, has eight syllables presented in tetrameter, one less than the previous line, and one more type of syllable accompanies trochee and iambic, the spondee.The meters difference and the difference of the syllables can be interpreted as an intoduction to something new, Earths mother star. Line twenty eight continues the statement, that runs down your red cheek. , again a lesser amount of meter is found here as it is written in trimeter and accompanied by two types of syllables, the trochee and spondee. A slowing in the meter of these first three lines in the last stanza prepares the reader for its ending, the final resolution.In line twenty nine, This is all just a freak of Natures selfish ways, the meter again rises to hexameter and introduces again a hodge podge of syllables, the pyrrhic, trochee, iambic and spondee which is suggestive of the mess Nature is in. Line thirty serves as a clearing of the way, So understand these and the ones in you written in pentameter, a decline in meter, indicating a coming to a close. Syllables trochee, spondee and iambic remain indicating st energy to come. Lines thirty one through thirty four share a common meter, trimeter. However, their syllables vary slightly in each.For instance, line thirty one, and the sky erst again will be blue written with only anapestic measures. Line thirty two, Understand the Oceans pain, simply the iambic and anapestic syllables. In line thirty three, and he too will remain tame has an added syllable and consists of the anapest, pyrrhic and spondee supportive of a conclusion, a means to an end. And finally line thirty four of the five stanzas, For these are reflections within. in finish is sett lead with the repetative trimeter in eight even syllables of iambic and anapestic syllables suggesting peace, it is now over.The rhyme scheme in the fifth stanza is again unfamiliar. It is constructed as such n-oo(internal rhyme fear, tear) pp(internal rhyme cheek, freak) q-rr(end rhyme you,blue) ss(end rhyme pain,tame) t. This unusual rhyme scheme is reflective of the texts chaotic events. The overall sensual structure of the text supports a national based on favorable position through nature. No two stanzas are alike. There is constant change in the formal characteristics as well as the text itself. Although it would seem that the chaos of these characteristics would make no sense, it makes perfect sense.There is chaos in the text so wherefore shouldnt there be in the poems structure? We will now explore the literary devices used throughout the poem and relate them with the dominant patterns of imagery of Reflections Within. synaesthesia is the first device noted in the first line of the poem. Mixing the sense of feel, The Earths cool breeze, spoke to me, and the audible sense is combined with the use of imagery. prosopopoeia is present here by giving air the charitable ability to speak. The cool breeze suggests what type of zephyr the subject is experiencing. He said, Come to be free, fly with me in my winds over the seas. , suggesting the capacity to submit to feeling and be led by it to transcendence. Be the element that I need. Element, the word is used here as a connotation synonymous to love. Without you turbulent winds I stir, uses kinetic imagery to show motion and suggests change from love to violence. Continuing on to the closure of the first stanza, calling my anger from above striking the Earth. , expressionism is clear here in that this line attempts to portray inner experience characterized by original mood or feeling with violent exaggeration.In this first stanza the atmosphere has set the mood that something is uneasy, that there is a conflict or a problem even if unclear at this stage. The second stanza continue s the conflict in its first and second lines, As I refused, the sky started to pound, and I wondered if his love would ever be found. suggests a sense of helplessness by the subjects inability to console the pain of the Earths cool breeze. I believe when the first laser like lightning cracked the sky, the Earths atmosphere surely died. several literary devices are used here such as the onomatopoeia cracked resembling the sound that lightning makes.Another connotation is observed in atmosphere used in place of heart. Personification is repeated here in giving the Earth the sense of life through death and dying. The smoothness of the rhyme scheme up until this point in the text is consistent until the next two lines interfere with the structure. Dirt gray clouds flitered the air above, again a change is indicated here suggesting that a new setting is approaching. And just as I began to cry, suggests a sense of helplessness again in that the situation is familiar and unchanging or wo rsening.Turning to the third stanza the subject finds themselves again in a familiar situation with the Ocean, cornered . The Ocean said, Come flow freely with me, and the creatures in my seas synethesia is evident in the Oceans ability to speak and make an offering. Here your tears will disappear, and your worries will cease. a promise of security. Be the element that I need. the same connotation made of the word element previously, stands firm here as well. In return, the Ocean asks for love. Without you dangerous waters will come to the shores, calling the pain from my ocean floors and the Earths land will be no more. A condition to the offering, conditional love, which is not truly love at all if it is consequential. This suggests that things arent quite what they seem in this serene image of ocean waters. This telephone exchange stanza recalls a similar situation from the first two verses supporting the relationship between the self and nature. It also marks the central high point or climax which eventually must descend. As I rejected the offer he had for me, a variation of the familiar line seven, suggests the beginning of another familiar problem, rejection, in the first line of the fourth stanza. White waves began to crash rhythmically, kinetic imagery is used here in the word rhythmically which gives motion to the entire phrase suggesting change. There is a change in the mood of the Ocean from calm and serene to violent waves. smasher is used as an onomatopoeia, as the sound waves would make when crashing upon one another. And just as I began to swim, we have now transcended in nature from degenerate with the winds to swimming in the seas, hence, transcending through nature to locate the genuine. A beam of light struck through and within suggestive of a glimmer of hope, the light. Through and within, symbolic of the heart or soul, the genuine. The clouds and shown down on the Oceans body, resolution The light revealing the Oceans body puts a stop to its misbehavior, like a child when caught bullying a sibling. This beginning of a resolution signals the root of the subjects dilemna. It was the Earths mother star and she said,, again an inatimate object is given human characteristics in speaking, symbolizing personification. Security can be suggestive of the mother star as it is located above all else and is given a godly sense. atomic number 53 that is reveared with power, love, sterness and compassion.The same as a loving parent or mother. Yield your fear and dry up that tear, that runs down your red cheek, just as a mother would wipe the tears from a crying childs eyes. This is all just a freak of natures selfish ways here the transcendence between the self and nature come together. So understand these and the ones in you, and the sky once again will be blue is suggestive of junction with nature, or one in the same, the self. Understand the Oceans pain, and he too will remain tame, personification is given again to the O cean giving it the ability to understand or feel pain.This line also exhibits oneness with nature. For these are reflections within. could suggest dramatic monologue macrocosm that it is unknown if the author intended to reveal that the reactions of the earthly elements were deeply rooted in the self. This romantic didactic poem shows us that one may have control over what happens around them depending on thier outlook on life and how one handles their emotions. Moving on to examining the formal characteristics of William Wordsworths poem, I wandered lonely as a cloud which shares a common theme with the previous poem Reflections Within, transcendence through nature.I wandered lonley as a cloud is a romantic stanzaic poem consisting of four stanzas each made up of a sestet or six lines for a total of twenty four lines. The first five lines, I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high oer vales and hills When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden daffodils, Beside the la ke, beneath the trees, are all written in iambic tetrameter. A change is indicated at the end of the stanza when the metered pattern changes as does the rhyme scheme simultaneously. Line six, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. is nine syllables written in tetrameter accompanied now by an anapest and iambic syllables.The change in rhyme scheme from abab ending the stanza in cc represents the changeless basis that will be repeated throughout the transcendence of the text. The same is noted for the end rhyme scheme of the text per each stanza. The second stanza, continual as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay alternates between nine and eight syllables, consistent in the rhyme scheme here as dede. All four lines are identical to the formal structure of the previous tetrameter measured lines in the first stanza.However, there is a notable change in the existence of syllables besides the iamb such as the anapest, pyrrhic, trochee, dactyl, and spondee which includes all possible combinations of syllables, suggesting that the text reaches beyond the tangable, including all things, the universe. Lines eleven and twelve of the second stanza stand again as a steady base, Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their foremans in sprightly dance. to support the previous four lines with its double end rhyme scheme gg, accompanied by eight syllables per line, also written in tetrameter to reinforce the supporting repeated pattern of the subject in text.The third stanza, The waves beside them danced but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee A poet could not but be gay, In such jocund company I gazed and gazed- but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought again continues the same previous pattern of end rhyme, hihijj. Still consistent with the meter measured as tetrameter. Again a conglomorant of syllables are used such as the iamb, pyrrhic, spondee and a trochee which sugges ts the continuing of the worldly stem and that everything is in place just as it was intended, the way nature intended it. The last stanza in sestet,For oft, when on my couch I lie In unoccupied or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. reverts suffer to the structure seen in the first stanza written in iambic tetrameter which is similar to the texts suggestive flashback. Keeping the flow of the rhyme scheme to its completedness, klklmm is suggestive of a repeated pattern, similar to the subject of the text, a place to be revisited. The overall structure of this text is very organized with regular meter and rhyme.Similar in the way that nature also has a specific order. Transcendence does not make itself obvious here in the physical structure, rather it makes somewhat of a circle reverting back to its original state, similar in the way that nature rejuvinates itself. Wor dsworths words in this text are used as a capacity to submit to feeling and be led by it to transcendence through the use of literary devices and dominant patterns of imagery which we will now examine. The first line, I wandered lonely as a cloud establishes personification, as if a cloud would purposefully think to wander such as a person might do. That floats on high oer vales and hills, the beginning of a presented journey. When all at once I saw a crowd, suggests change or something new and exciting. A host, of golden daffodils, a host, suggests a companionship of people. Perhaps a crowd of people at a gathering. Beside the lake, beneath the trees, suggestive of an out-door event, a reunion or union of such. Fluttering and dancing in the breeze allows the image to become kinetic in setting motion to the crowd of daffodils that are fluttering and dancing amongst themselves, as socialites do at a wedding. Continuous as the stars that shine, And twinkle on the milky way, suggests an imagery of beauty that goes far beyond what the eye can see. They stretched in never-ending line, on the margin of the bay suggests a pause as if they were waiting for something. Ten thousand saw I at a glance, suggests a feeling of being overwhelmed by the sight and therefor is exaggerated. Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. uses kinetic imagery to suggest again change. This imagery could be symbolic of bachelorettes waiting in line to catch the bouquet, to make the transformation from bachelorette to bride.The sprightly motion is a feminine suggestion that supports this image. The waves beside them danced but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee suggests that even the beauty of the water was no match for the joy of the daffodils. A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company again the insinuation of a group suggests people, in this case of good company. I gazed and gazed but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought suggests that the subject took the moment for granted and like the fourth stanza, the moment comes to an end. For oft when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, suggests that we are back in the atmosphere of the first stanza wandering lonely as a cloud. They flash upon that inward eye, a connotation of inward eye locates the genuine here, flashing back to the imagination or the mind. Which is the bliss of solitude, suggests that the subject is content with being alone, not restrained by the ties of marriage, enititled to private thought and to think whatever one should want. And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils suggests that the subject returns to the nature of being man and appreciates the beauty in nature, be it flower or woman, he has the option to plectrum from this metaphor. The conclusion of the text recycles the subject back to the familiarity of the beginning text. Transcendence through nature in this text reflects the relationship between the self and the beaut y of nature. Reflections Within and I wandered lonely as a cloud are two poems that share the common theme, transcendence through nature.The major differences between the two text is that the subject in Reflections Within does not achieve being at one with nature until the end of the poem and is supported by its chaotic line structure and variances in syllables and meter. Whereas the second texts subject is completely at one with nature throughout the entirety of its text and is mirrored in the confindence of the repeated line structure, rhyme scheme and meter. The main focus of both subjects is escape however they differ in motivation. While one subject is trying to escape the damaging nature of self, the other escapes to nature in positive imagery.Locating the authentic in both of these texts also differs. The genuine in Wordworths poem is located in the head or the mind of the subject. The authentic or genuine is located in the heart of the subject of Reflections Within. Both te xts are similar in the elements of nature that are used in order to transcend the character through nature such as the breeze, stars and water or waves. Both texts treat nature with human characteristics such as speaking, dancing and many other motions which are necessary to transcend. Overall both texts treat nature as a source for genuineness and spiritual refreshment.

Cyber Law: Its Implementation in Nepal

Research Proposal on A COMPARATIVE PROPOSAL FOR footrace BY JURY IN NEPALI LEGAL SYSTEM Submitted to BA/LLB Programme Nepal Law Campus Faculty of Law Tribhuvan University Submitted by SauravNath Pant BA/LLB, tertiary Year Roll No. 13 Section A March 3, 2013 1. 1 Introduction I defend al appearances been a firm believer in trial by control board. Somehow it is ingrained in me. As it is in about Englishmen. It is a lesson which has been handed down from one generation to some other during the last 800 years.The trial by jury a tradition held dear to the British is a sound proceeding in which a jury both makes a decision or, makes findings of fact which are then applied by a sound out. It usu onlyy comprises of 12 men. The jury governance is a system create in the Common Law, taken as its integral part which mandates that No free man shall be captured and or, imprisoned or, disseised of his freehold and or, exiled, or in any carriage destroyed, nor will we proceed agains t him by force or proceed against him by arms, notwithstanding by the integrityful attemptment of his peers. The control panel administration bunghole be traced back upto the Greek and the Roman era.The Greeks were succeeded by the Romans while the Roman Empire collapsed. But it is largely the British dodging that has embodied the Jury System and complete it as a tradition of the Common Law System. King William the Conqueror established the Norman Dynasty in England by his conquest of England in 1066. The Jury System was introduced by a Norman King in England. One day the King was watching the justice delivery process, and noniced that a single judge could not ever so impart fair justice. Hence he observed that twelve laymen could give better justice than a judge.As a result he asked his advisors to compose a jury of 12 people on with a judge to settle the disputes filed at the court of law. The Magna Carta of 1215 further secured trial by jury stating that, * For a tri vial offence, a free man shall be fined simply in proportion to the degree of his offence, and for a serious offence correspondingly, but not so heavily as to deprive him of his livelihood. In the same way, a merchant shall be spared his merchandise, and a husbandman the implements of his husbandry, if they fall upon the mercy of a purplish court.None of these fines shall be imposed except by the assessment on oath of reputable men of the neighbourhood. * Earls and barons shall be fined yet by their equals, and in proportion to the gloom of their offence. * To any man whom we have disadvantaged or dispossessed of lands, castles, liberties, or rights, without the lawful judgement of his equals, we will at at one time restore these. * If we have deprived or dispossessed any Welshmen of lands, liberties, or anything else in England or in Wales, without the lawful judgement of their equals, these are at once to be returned to them.A dispute on this point shall be determined in the Marches by the judgement of equals. English law shall apply to holdings of land in England, Welsh law to those in Wales, and the law of the Marches to those in the Marches. The Welsh shall treat us and ours in the same way. It has already been carryd that the narration of Jury System covers over a period of 800 years. During that period the Jury System developed, and changed with time but never discarded. Some instances of its course of development is given below 1. The Principle of Unanimous This article of faith was established in 1367 and it lasted for 600 years until 1967.In 1967, the parliament altered it. The finding of fact was held valid if the major(ip)(ip)ity was ten to two. 2. The jury were kept without food, heat or light once they retired to consider their verdict. The time hallowed springula was, Without meat, drink, fire or pukedle 3. Once only reasonable men (with some qualifications) were allowed to sit as juror. at once all people, men or , women, deaf or , blind, honest or, dishonest could sit as jurymen. any who are 18 years of age and are listed to the voters list are qualified as jury men. Yes, in the past 800 years or, so the Jury System has changed a lot.So ofttimes so that sea captain Denning himself considers 19th century to be the golden age of Trial by Jury. But it is not these changes that have led Lord Blackstone in his lectures in 1758 to say Trial by jury ever has been, and I trust ever will be, escorted upon as the glory of the English law. It is the most(prenominal) transcendent privilege which any subject can enjoy, or wish for, that he cannot be affected either in his property, his liberty, or his person, but by the unanimous consent of twelve of his neighbours and equals It is the cases decided by the Jury and the way in which one man may be convicted.A person may only be convicted if his equals (or, in the broad sense- the society) finds him to be guilty. Instances have been recorded where the Jury has upheld justice worked for the development of human rights, and even acted as an important notice against the state power. The cases will be discussed later but a special mention to the case of the Kings Brewer and the Seven Bishops is to be made here. The verdict of the Jury defied the powers of the king and sent the whole of the country into partying.Also the system brings forth the sense of High Drama, into the courtroom. Nevertheless, the advantages offered such as giving ordinary folks their most useful lessons in citizenship, giving the people an active and decisive part in the administration of justice and in establishment of habit of obedience in law are the very reason (along with fact of being once rule by England or, having accept Common Law) that has led a number of countries equivalent the States, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Greece and so on to accept the Jury System.Our good motherland, Nepal however has not accepted the Jury System everthough following a more(pr enominal)over mined frame of reference or, in its own way a unique form of legal system which is seen to be highly dominated by the Common Law System. 1. 2 Statement of Problem It is a matter of fact that we find in Nepal the large dominance of the Common Law System. Moreover we can say that Nepal has accepted the Common Law System at large.The characteristic feature of the Common Law System such as precedent, the role of the judge, the role of the lawyers, the power in the adjudicate to make the law and besides the power in the judge to interpret and enlarge the scope of the law and so on are set in the Neaplese law. They do show the high influence of the Common Law system into the Nepali Legal System. But one major characteristic quality still remains to be embodied into the Nepali Legal Systems, i. e, the Jury System. The notion to forward the need of Jury system in Nepal can similarly be done through a little change in the consideration.In many countries of continental Eur ope and Japan the belief that a single judge is not a judge has played significant role in strengthening the quality of justice, therefore they normally compose the bench of three decide even at the trial level. At the appellate level hearing by more than half a dozen judges is a plebeian legal practice. This concept of plural adjudication has not been yet accepted in Nepal, exception to the Supreme Court and Appellate Court where normally two judges decide the case.At the trial level, till today, the case is being decided by one judge, which leads to cause imperfect justice and therefore some sort of dis-satisfaction in the people as seen in Nepal. However, here we necessarily do not need to imply that the Jury system as seen in England is necessary but we may say more definitely and positively, for example Japanese did not follow the Jury System but accepted the idea of securing assistance from the garter judges and take groups. Instead of Jury, the Chinese accepted the concep t of People Assessors and Judicial Committees making them responsible to find the truth in the case.Even the Indian courts, on some ocassions, have begun to compose such study groups and accept the rule of public participation particularly in the LokAdalat. Public participation is an important conniption for the growth in the Judicial culture. Here the Jury will pay a great role to develop public confidence toward justice system. Our system in delivery in justice is incomplete and the incomplete thing could not give complete achievement. Hence, is it not reasonable for Nepal to accept the Jury System?Similarly, the research paper also looks to find the answer to whether creation public participation can cause to solve the dissatisfaction seen towards the Judicial system. In Nepal, we also have the trouble of taking any concept as an end and not as a means towards an end. The research paper will also look to give solution towards how we can establish the Jury System as a means towa rds an end and thus find solution towards some of the quick problems in the Judiciary. It looks to give suggestion towards the form in which we can apply the Jury System in Nepal. 1. Hypothesis History is the past wisdom and a storehouse of knowledge. It helps to envision the past, the coming up to the present time and also predict for the future. Nepal is a lucky country as historically she is very rich. The history of Nepal seems to date back way before the time of Lord Krishna and Mahabharata. We also find the mentioning of Nepal in the Vedas. Nepal may not have the concept as know to the world by the name of Jury System. But Nepal certainly has the fundamental notion of the Jury System known to her and to the history as the Panchayat.The adjudication of dispute by the people themselves was done in the Kirat and Lichhavi period through Panchalika and Grampanchayat. This concept fundamental to our land had been lost and resurrected by King Mahendra in the 2019 B. S. constitution . So, it is not necessary as a whole to name the concept next to be introduced in the Judicial System as the Jury System but we can always give the name retaining the portion of history and culture and giving it to some extent the Nepali touch. The concept can be ours and we can always borrow the wisdom of Great Britain for practical usage.Hence, basically the merging up of the system into the Judiciary will give rise to our own set of the Jury System. The 2019 B. S. governance had established the various level of Panchayat formally. It was taken moreover as an Administrative body than a judicial one. It had some judicial function. It will only be doing justice to the history if we are to summon once again the local people as Panchayat to participate in the justice administration as a variation of the Jury System. Similarly, while looking towards the notion through the economic standpoint, we are to look at the history of the system in Britain.Its development will certainly give s olution to the problem. If we are not to accept the whole developed form and research upon the form in which we can accept, then and only then can we establish the Jury System to serve as a means towards an end. The system should suit the country and be accepted by taking into consideration the conditions prevalent in Nepal. The functioning of the system should also be somewhat which will suit our country. For example we should be able to decide what to what ratio verdict will convict the accused. Similarly, the qualification should also be made taking into consideration of the people.For example at freshman instance, all should be qualified but only for the small types of crime. For complex cases of fraud, expert panel should be created or, at least people who can understand should be selected. The internal functioning should be designed to meet the need. The key issue in the research will be amalgamating tradition into the jury, establishing a more need suited Jury System taking into consideration the country as a whole and also to find solution to the economic problem that may arise from accepting the Jury System.However, initially the research paper will establish the Jury System as a positive way forward. 1. 4 General and Specific Objective The objective in general of this study is to establish the need of jury system in the judicial pipe organ of the State and establish it as a positive way forward for the country. The research paper will look to show how this time tested figure will help the people and the State as a whole. At first instance the Jury System looks to work as a check against the State power. But side-by-side it also will be educating the people.The study has the following three specific objectives 1. To study and recommend ways by which the jury can be made economically viable. 2. To suggest the way in which the Panchayat concept and the jury system be amalgamated in order to form an Anglo-Nepal hybrid Jury System. 3. The research paper will also look to furnish the plan of action such as the majority needed for conviction, the expertise needed to sit as a juror in complex cases and/or, political cases, the way in which prejudices can be removed and so on. 1. 5 Rationale of StudyThe main rationale of the study is the need to analyse the Jury system its pros and cons, its obstacle for acceptance in Nepal and possible solutions and the format in which it is to be applied. Similarly, the research paper also looks to analyse how the acceptance will affect the Judiciary, common people and the nation as a whole. 1. 6 Limitations of Study This study is limited to comparative analysis of the pros and cons of the jury system. This study is also limited in the historical analysis of our own variation of the jury system along with economic problem and the form in which the clay is to be moulded i. . , the working analysis of the system. 1. 7 Research Methodology This study is based on opinionated method of scientific rese arch. Hence the research methods of field survey and primary empirical data gathering are not applied. Rather it is textually driven. 1. 8 make-up of Study For the purpose of conducting the study on the topic, the Seminar Paper will be divided into five chapters * Chapter 1 deals with the introduction of the jury system and the views pertaining to the system. Chapter 2 deals with explaining the want of jury system in Nepal * Chapter 3 deals with Nepals own experience in history with a Nepali variation of the system * Chapter 4 deals with problems that may arise if we are to accept the system * Finally, the last Chapter 5 is the concluding chapter which looks to furnish suggestions for the way in which the jury system can be pick out and the problems be countered. 1. 9 Literature Review For the purpose of the research, I have gone through the following research works, books, constitutions and websites. 1.A research paper by Krishna Prasad Sharma Nepal on Restructuring of the Judic iary in Nepal with special reference to Access to Justice. Here the author has suggested for restructuring of the judiciary in Nepal, which my work also looks to do. He had not fey upon the issue of jury and my paper looks to do so. 2. Lord Denning, What near in the Law, London Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 1982 In this book the author had highlighted upon the jury system and its tradition. He has also mentioned some of the cases decided by jury having high national significance.He also has given the development and certain rules pertaining to the jury system. Similarly, he has given suggestions for improvement. This book is the major source from where the inspiration to write the research paper has been drawn. 3. BishalKhanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, Kathmandu Bhrikuti Academic Publications, 2000 In this book the author has analysed the development of Nepali law and also has pointed out some problems which have created dissatisfaction among the people in the judicia ry. 4.RevatiramanKhanal, NepalkoKanooniItihaskoRooprekha, Kathmandu Appollo Offset Press Pvt. Ltd. ,2059 B. S. In this book the complete history of Nepals legal system has been sketched. From this book, I have taken the fact about the historical concept of the Panchayat and come up with the idea of amalgamation into jury system. 5. Rene David, study Legal System in the existence Today, London Stevens and Sons Ltd, 1985 In this book the various major legal systems have been analysed. This book helped me understand some of the major characters of the Common Law System. 6.Constitution of Nepal, 2019 B. S. , has also helped in the research for this is the constitution which has formally accepted the Panchayat notion though in a completely contrasting notion in which I purpose to use it. 7. Some websites have really been helpful, most prominently the Wikipedia and also ones linking the Wikipedia with original materials used in the article. Bibliography 1. Lord Denning, What Next in t he Law, London Butterworth and Co. (Publishers) Ltd, 1982 2. Bishal Khanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, Kathmandu Bhrikuti Academic Publications, 2000 3.Revatiraman Khanal, NepalkoKanooniItihaskoRooprekha, Kathmandu Appollo Offset Press Pvt. Ltd. ,2059 B. S. 4. Rene David, Major Legal System in the World Today, London Stevens and Sons Ltd, 1985 5. Blackstone Commentries Vol. III 2 . Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, 1982, London Butterworth and Co (Publishers) Ltd, p. 33. 3 . Lysander Spooner in his essay on The Trial by Jury 4 . Samons, Loren J. (2007). The Cambridge companion to the Age of Pericles. Cambridge University Press. pp. 244, 246. ISBN978-0-521-80793-7. ttp//books. google. com/books? id=QAePyZ_Z1WkC&pg=PA244&lpg=PA244&dq=dikastai+501+citizensv=onepage&q=dikastai%20501%20citizens&f=false. 5 . Acilian Law on the Right to Recovery of Property Officially Extorted, 122 B. C. http//avalon. law. yale. edu/ancient/acilian_law. asp 6 . Rene David, Major Legal Systems in the World Today, 1985, London Stevens and Sons Ltd, p. 311. 7 . BishalKhanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, 2000, Kathmandu Bhrikuti Academic Publications, p. 35. 8 . Magna Carta of 1215 http//www. fordham. edu/halsall/source/magnacarta. html 9 .Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, 1982, London Butterworth and Co (Publishers) Ltd, p. 37. 10 . Ibid, p. 37. 11 . Ibid, p. 62. 12 . Commentries III, p. 379. 13 . Lord Denning, What Next in the Law, 1982, London Butterworth and Co (Publishers) Ltd, pp. 36-52. 14 . Ibid, p. 33. 15 . America has embodied the jury system in its constitution. Their Constitution in 1971 Article VI and VII enshrined the provision as being handed down to them by the UK. 16 . BishalKhanal, Regeneration of Nepalese Law, 2000, Kathmandu Bhrikuti Academic Publications, p. 38. 17 . Ibid, p. 38. 18 .Ibid, p. 40. 19 . For example We can see the Parliamentary System adopted in Nepal. The exact copy that of the UK. But what we dont wish to understand is that the concept of the system was rooted in 1215 with the signing of Magna Carta where we find it was accepted that All men are born free and equal and No taxation without representation. But in Britain the concept gradually developed and from the Glorious transmutation the form came into as a living organism giving the Parliament the sole power. It took a span of more than 400 years. Similarly, also is the case with political Parties.The wigs and Tories when they were formed, the King himself used to address the General Meeting and Mass Meeting during the election and ask for the people to vote for Tories who were the supporter of the King. Again one state example will have to be Cormwells dissolution of the Upper House to kill King Charles I. Theoretically, the Upper House is a permanent body. They all show any concept is not an end but a means towards achieving an end. 20 . It is known that Nepal at some point of time was ruled by the Gopal Dynasty who came here along with Lord K rishna. 21 . Revati Raman

My Story

I was fidgeting in my seat in the airplane. It was night time, but I could not sleep. Beside me, my papa was sound asleep. I stared out of doors the window. The night sky was full of stars. I felt uniform I was riding on a magic carpet ride to my new home. Then, the memories began piece of cake right before my very eyes.I cannot forget that day when mama and papa told me that we were moving to the United States. I had just got home from school. They were so happy and excited nighwhat it. I thought that I would be as well. But instead, I was dumbfounded. I didnt know how to react. Should I be happy care them? Or should I feel sad. I didnt quite understand. But then again, I consent always been told that I have been that way. after all, I was a teenager. Arent all teenagers prone to conflicting and every(prenominal)wherewhelming emotions happening all at one time?I went to my room and stared blankly at the walls. It was only then that it began to sink in. I was passing play to America I felt a smile forming on my lips. America The land of opportunity The clownish that, up to this moment, I have only seen in television and in the movies Finally, I would be a part of it. I would be the envy of umpteen of my friends. After all, who doesnt want to go to America and be a part of it?Then it hit me. My friends Yes, they would be envious. I would be in going to the place of awesome beaches, actors and actresses, models, fashion, everything. But, it would also mean that I would have to bid goodbye to them. Sure, there will be the Internet for me to e-mail them, chat with them and maybe for a moment even see them and hear their voices. But, it wouldnt be the same.The laughter, the parties, the sorrows, the moments when we would just hang out and bond with each other and dream about the future and what we wanted to become, that will be all gone. I felt a pang in my heart. Already I miss them. I call into question what they were doing now. Already I am miles a way from them. They are probably asleep in their beds, looking forward to another day in school. I had allow out a sigh as I felt my eyelids become heavy and then slowly drifting away into slumber.The Harsh RealityFor the next a some(prenominal) weeks, my parents and I did what every family who comes to America would do. We visited almost every single tourist destination that we knew and go to. We went to Disneyland, Universal Studios, Hollywood, Rodeo Drive, any(prenominal)where. At the end of each day, my digital tv cameras memory was filled up and I would send the pictures to my friends in mainland China. They would e-mail me notification me how lucky I was to be here in America. How they offer they could enjoy the things that I am enjoying now. I never mentioned it in my e-mails to them, but deep beat whenever they would tell me about the parties they went to and the things that we used to do.Mama and Papa enrolled me at the University graduate(prenominal) School in Irvin e. Once again, the mixed feelings came to me. I was excited to go to school. I have seen in television that American teenagers are always welcome and nice. They would always make you feel at home. They will accept me for me. But I was also scared. I only knew very little English. I was appalled that I might be left out because I could barely take to task to them.But mama and papa assured me that it was going to be okay. I have always been able to make friends easily in Taiwan. So, it wont be that difficult for me to be able to make new friends and things would be like back in Taiwan. It would just take some getting used to. I would be able to adapt to school in no time. After all, there are a lot of Asians here in California. As I neared my school, I felt butterflies in my stomach fluttering all over the place. Here goes nothing, I said to myself.As I walked through the school grounds, everyone seemed to have known each other for a very long time. On every side of the walkway, the re were groups of girls and boys chattering and laughing. As I passed them, some of the boys began to stare at me and point at me. Their gaze made me feel so awkward. why were they looking at me that way? I wondered. I concentrated my eyes to the concrete ground I was walking on. Yet, their gaze seemed to be bearing down on me. Then I heard the bell ring.Everyone began to make their way towards the long corridors and through the descriptorrooms. I felt a couple of people risk me as they ran passed. It made me feel more awkward. Did they bump me on purpose or because they were just hurrying to class? I didnt know. I attempt myself to believe that they were just in a rush that was why they bumped into me. Americans are very much into equality and they have always been nice. But something inside me was telling me otherwise.Then the reality came in when in my first class. I was asked to introduce myself. I stood in front of class and introduced myself. As I did, I noticed some of the boys were snickering from the back of the room. Others were looking at each other smiling at each other. I was trembling. I could not go back to my seat any faster than I wanted to. Again, the feeling of eyes bearing down my neck came back. I felt that I just wanted to disappear. Every class it was the same. When I got home, mama asked me how did my day went. She looked so happy. I didnt want to tell her. All I just said was it went okay, and I headed to my room.Over the next few weeks, things just went from bad to worse. Some of them would mimic how I talk and those who would watch will burst out into laughter. In times that some would try to talk to me, I thought that things would get better. But when they did, they spoke to me mimicking my accent and would walk away, laughing. It became harder and harder for me to go to school and having to face all of these. I felt angry and hangdog of myself because I was different. I knew that they were handleing me because I was different and that I could not speak English that well.I began to regret coming to America. Why did we have to leave Taiwan? If we just stayed, I would not have to go through this. I began to long for my friends who were halfway around the world. How I wish they were here with me. They would have console me and would be there for me as I go through each and every single day of torment.In dinner, my papa asked me how did my day go. It was then that I exploded. I told them I did not like it here. I wanted to go back home to Taiwan and stormed out of my room.The Turning PointShortly, after my outburst, my mama came into my room. She sat beside me. She fixed her hand on my shoulder.Son, she said, softly in our native language, I know you are having a hard time fitting in, even if you had never speak about it. But, you have to be strong. Many people in Taiwan would do anything to be where we are now. You can overcome this, my son. We are here to stomach you. Believe in yourself that you can do it. If you give up, then the battle is completely lost without you trying. With that, she left the room and me with my thoughts.Looking back, what she told me had been the turning point of my life. I began to agree English on my own. I tried my best to excel in class and I did. Slowly, the boys and girls who used to taunt me began to talk to me and began to invite me to seat with them during lunch. I even developed friendships with a few of them.People have always said that it is in college when you will have a taste of the real world. In my case, I had my taste when I was in college. I learned that the world can be a tough, cruel world to live in. People will mock you and taunt you and criticize you because of the color of your skin, or because you talk differently. The experiences I had gone through in high school had made me stronger, and it had taught me a valuable lesson. For as long as I believe in myself, I can accomplish anything. As I continue my road towards my desired c areer, I would never forget the lessons I had learned about myself in high school. It is not what only makes me unique. It has also made me more prepared for whatever the future has in store.

Price, Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Activities Essay

Ferraris are a luxury good, known for their performance and prestige with de considerationines of up to 500,000. In this study there will be an effort to evaluate if a Ferrari would still be as desirable if it was available at 20,000. To do this we must examine the relationship mingled with the behaviours of consumers and worth with a further examination of marketing activities. Firstly we need to define what consumer behaviour, monetary value and marketing activities are, by understanding the consumer we cannister then create products that meets their wishes and inescapably which is vital in achieving success. An investigation of the Utilitarian (rational) consumption model will fol baseborn allowing the identification of driving factors that affect consumers decisions.This allows the introduction of Pricing, viewing towards perceived quality and value. The contrasting Hedonic view allows the introduction of socio-psychological factors on consumer behaviour such as individual isedity and social class. We must appreciate our level of mesh with the product and what factors this may cause. This will allow us to fully appreciate whether the permute in price will result in the Ferrari still being as desirable as when it was at a racyer price.The study of consumer behaviour is the study of the processes involved when individuals or groups select, barter for, use or dispose of products, service, ideas or experiences to satisfy needs and desires (Soloman et al, 2002, p4). Therefore by studying what factors affect how and why consumers make these consumption decisions, marketers may be able to understand and therefore correct to these decisions. Consumer behaviour incorporates ideas from many different disciplines such as psychology, sociology and economics. (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000), in a marketing context we take note of all these concepts and try to come to a balanced answer. A full examination of consumer behaviour manifestations at how consumers maximise their utility (satisfaction) based on a make up-benefit analysis of price and product scarcity, this was concept of the Utilitarian or rational way of behaviour. (Baines et al, 2011). The key determinant is that the functional benefits must be groovyer than the costs expended.Very often we would class the cost expended as being the price paid for an item, this is a difficult term to classify but is best explained by Baines, Fill and Page (2011), (p331) we consider price as the amount the customer has to pay or exchange to receive a good or service. This however fails to mention that how consumers perceive a price-as high, as low, as fair- has a strong influence on both leveraging intentions and get satisfaction. (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000, p 144). For example a passenger who paid 1 for his Ryanair flight will feel much satisfied one who paid 71 due to purchasing at a later date. Here we look at whether a Ferrari is still as desirable at a lower price, to do this we mu st examine how customers affect to a change in prices, known in economic terms as the elasticity of demand. This measure how much demand will shift as a result of a change in price. To do this we can look at how in rational thinking consumers wish the benefits to outweigh the costs, the benefits of acquire a new Ferrari may be the quality and value you get for the price you paid.However as each person has a different wished level of quality we use the term perceived quality, often based on informational cues that they associate with the product (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000, p145). Looking at the relationship between the perceived qualities and pricing often it is view that price reflects quality (Baines et al, 2011). This is challenged by the aspect we take our perceived quality from many cues, not just price, such as more extrinsic value such as brand image. Therefore it can be classes that consumers use price as a surrogate indicator of quality if they have smallish or no informat ion to go on (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000, p150). The idea of brand image as a cue introduces the more hedonic concept of feelings, desires and perceptions into the consumers decision.As already discussed prices and quality are not measured in purely rational terms they encompass our perceptions of the product, price and measure of quality. Our perceptions are personal to us and it is vital for marketers to understand what factors may affect these perceptions. To do this we must understand how consumption may be reasonless (hedonic) involving the multi-sensory, fantasy and emotional aspects of consumers fundamental interaction with products (Soloman et al, 2002, p37). This view stresses that we purchase products because of how they make us feel or look to separates. This is sometimes classed as emotional or socio-psychological buying (Baines et al, 2011). The stark difference between utilitarian and hedonic consumption can be seen in the process of proposition acquisition.We draw up a motive for acquiring the product this may be out of functional (rational) or desire (irrational) means. We then gather information on the product drawing up a shortlist of brands, followed by an evaluation of the proposition. When it comes to the purchase of the item it is important to consider the personal immenseness a person attaches to a given communication message (Baines et al, 2011, p 90) this is classes as the persons involvement. As discussed in Fill (2009, p174) the characteristics involved with involvement can be seen in three phases, that of contextual elements, the influencers and the outcomes. Our level of involvement with a product can play a role in the price fairness we perceive for this product. At states of low involvement where the purchase suggests little assay to the consumer (Fill, 2009, p176) we require little information and use past experiences to make our decisions.However at high levels of involvement where, a consumer perceives an expected purchase that is not all of high personal relevance but also represents a high level of perceived risk (Fill, 2009, p 176), consumers will invest a great deal of time researching the item to reduce the perceived risk and will draw on extrinsic information and may draw more on hedonic terms. The relationship between price and involvement can be seen at both levels, at low levels price allows individuals to discriminate between low-involvement purchase decisions as price, packaging, and point of purchase displays and promotions work together to cue and stimulate an individual into trying a product. (Fill, 2009, p 180) At high levels of involvement price is not such a determining factor, with other factors playing a more significant role.Involvement does not juts affect the importance placed on price it also affects how a product is marketed to the consumer. This raises Ratchfords (1987) vistas of involvement being connectednessed with feeling and thinking. He sought to think how people sce ne about products and class them as high/low involvement and whether they were a product you bought rationally, what you thought of the product, or irrationally, how the product made you feel.In this instance the purchase of a Ferrari which would have been a high involvement/feeling product there is a need for emotional advertising (Baines et al, 2011, p91). With the shift in price it can be argued that the product has now became a high involvement/thinking product so more informative advertising is needed. Further associate between price, consumer behaviour and price can be seen in Fill (2009, p 181) arguing that at low levels of involvement consumers will decide upon their everyday brand until they notice a price promotion ,this then may be rifle there habitual buying pattern.As discussed earlier at high levels of involvement, more emotional and informative advertising is used there are many reasons for this including that factors such as lifestyle, social class and personality can all affect our hedonic consumption. In the sphere of personality there are three main approaches. Firstly the psychoanalytic approach Freud outlined how we are driven by subconscious drives in three parts our ID, Ego and Superego. It is argued that certain products are bought to fulfil our needs and urges such as the purchase of a Ferrari. The reduction of price may then not allow us to fulfil this urge. A differing approach is that of Trait theory, where we are classified by our types of personality. The purchase of a 500,000 car may be seen as fulfilling one personality type, by reducing the price to 20,000 the market segment may change and as car manufacturers market products on the basis of personality types (Baines et al, 2011, p96) this may change the whole marketing process and the way this process is presented.The final school of thought is the Self Concept Approach that we buy goods for the brand they represent and its relation to the buyers perception of their own sel f-concept or personality.(Baines et al, 2011, p96). In this model it may be argued that price is a determinant factor as we may buy to show we can pay high prices to others. Added to this is the idea that the brand gives you a self-image therefore a change in the price can affect the branding and may lead you to a different purchase decision. The price change may also change what reference group a Ferrari would belong to it may no longer be an aspiration so may become less desirable. The change in price may however be beneficial when looking at consumer behaviour in relation to lifecycle and social class. focus on lifecycle we hypothesize that people in the same stages of life purchase and consume similar kinds of products (Baines et al, 2011, p108), a500,000 Ferrari may fall into the stage of empty go up 1, where there is large disposable income, the shift downwards in price will allow a Ferrari to become more accessible to different stages of the lifecycle, olibanum making it mo re desirable to these groups. To conclude pricing, consumer behaviour and marketing activities are all linked. By determining whether the consumption is either rational or irrational we can investigate the level of involvement one may have with that product.This then allows us to look at how perceived values, price and quality link with the way the consumer behaves. As consumer behaviour study evolves from early emphasis on rational choiceto a focus on apparently irrational buying needs (Holbrook and Hirschman, 1982, p132) we are able to investigate other factors that may relate to consumer behaviour such as lifestyle, social class and what level of involvement is involved. As we can see in rational decisions there is a link between price and behaviour, with the benefits outweighing the costs, the same can be said at decisions of low involvement. However other extrinsic factors have to be considered when making higher involvement decisions. The decrease in price therefore may make t he Ferrari more desirable if you are making the purchase at a low involvement level however at a higher level other factors need to be considered to give a true representation of its desirability.Reference ListBooks and EbooksBaines, P. Fill, C. Page, A., (2011), Marketing, 2nd ed., Oxford Oxford University Press Fill, C. (2009), Marketing Communications Interactivity, Communities And Content., 5th ed., Harlow Pearson Education control Schiffman, L,G. and Kanuk, L,L. (2000), Consumer Behaviour, 7th ed., London Prentice Hall International (UK) Limited Solomon, M., Bamossy, G., Askegaard, S. and Hogg, M. K. (2006) Consumer behaviour a European perspective, 3rd ed., Harlow Financial Times. Lecture NotesC18FM1 2012/2013Online JournalsHolbrook, M, & Hirschman, E (1982),. The Experiential Aspects of intake Consumer Fantasies, Feelings, and Fun, Journal Of Consumer Research, 9, 2, pp. 132-140, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 22 October 2012.

Library Science Essay

An integrated program library arrangement (ILS), also known as a library management system (LMS),12 is an enterprise re commencement planning system for a library, used to track relics owned, orders made, bills paid, and patrons who have borrowed. An ILS usually comprises a relational database, software to interact with that database, and two graphical user interfaces (one for patrons, one for staff). Most ILSes fraction software functions into discrete programs called modules, each of them integrated with a unified interface.Examples of modules might include acquisitions (ordering, receiving, and invoicing materials) cataloging (classifying and indexing materials) circulation (lending materials to patrons and receiving them back) serials ( track magazine and newspaper holdings) the OPAC (public interface for users) Each patron and item has a unique ID in the database that allows the ILS to track its activity. Larger libraries use an ILS to order and acquire, receive and invoice , catalog, circulate, track and shelve materials.Smaller libraries, such as those in offstage homes or non-profit organizations (like churches or synagogues, for instance), often forgo the expense and maintenance required to run an ILS, and instead use a library figurer system. citation needed Contents hide 1 History 1. 1 Pre-computerization 1. 2 1960s the influence of computer technologies 1. 3 1970s-1980s the early integrated library system 1. 4 1990s-2000s the growth of the Internet 1. 5 Mid 2000s-Present increasing costs and customer dissatisfaction 2 Examples3 See also 4 References 5 Further indicant 6 External cerebrate editHistory editPre-computerization Prior to computerization, library tasks were performed manually and independently from one another. Selectors ordered materials with ordering slips, cataloguers manually catalogued items and indexed them with the card catalog system (in which all bibliographic data was unploughed on a single index card), and users signed books out manually, indicating their name on cue cards which were then kept at the circulation desk.Early mechanisation came in 1936, when the University of Texas began using a punch card system to manage library circulation. 3 While the punch card system allowed for more efficient tracking of loans, library services were far from being integrated, and no other library task was affected by this change. edit1960s the influence of computer technologies Following this, the next mountainous innovation came with the advent of MARC standards in the 1960s which coincided with the growth of computer technologies library automation was born.3 From this point onwards, libraries began experimenting with computers, and, starting in the late 1960s and continuing into the 1970s, bibliographic services utilizing new online technology and the shared MARC vocabulary entered the market these included OCLC (1967), Research Libraries Group (which has since merged with OCLC), and Washington subroutin e library Network (which became Western program library Network and is also now part of OCLC). 4 edit1970s-1980s the early integrated library system Screenshot of a Dynix menu.The 1970s can be characterized by improvements in computer storage as well as in telecommunications. 4 As a result of these advances, turnkey systems on microcomputers,4 known more commonly as integrated library systems (ILS) finally appeared. These systems included necessary hardware and software which allowed the connection of major circulation tasks, including circulation control and overdue notices. 5 As the technology developed, other library tasks could be accomplished done ILS as well, including acquisition, cataloguing, reservation of titles, and monitoring of serials.6 edit1990s-2000s the growth of the Internet With the evolution of the Internet throughout the 1990s and into the 2000s, ILSs began allowing users to more actively engage with their libraries through OPACs and online web-based portals. Users could log into their library accounts to reserve or renew books, as well as authenticate themselves for access to library-subscribed online databases. Inevitably, during this time, the ILS market grew exponentially. By 2002, the ILS industry averaged sales of nigh US$500 million annually, compared to just US$50 million in 1982.5 editMid 2000s-Present increasing costs and customer dissatisfaction By the mid to late 2000s, ILS vendors had increase not only the telephone number of services offered but also their prices, leading to some dissatisfaction among many smaller libraries. At the same time, open source ILS was in its early stages of testing. Some libraries began turning to such open source ILSs as Koha and Evergreen. Common reasons noted were to avoid vendor lock in, avoid license fees, and act in software development. Freedom from vendors also allowed libraries to prioritize needs according to urgency, as opposed to what their vendor can offer.7 Libraries which have m oved to open source ILS have found that vendors are now more likely to provide quality service in order to continue a partnership since they no longer have the power of owning the ILS software and tying down libraries to strict contracts. 7 This has been the case with the SCLENDS consortium. Following the success of Evergreen for the Georgia PINES library consortium, the South Carolina extract depository library along with some local public libraries formed the SCLENDS consortium in order to share resources and to take advantage of the open source nature of the Evergreen ILS to meet their specific needs.7 By October 2011, just 2 years after SCLENDS began operations, 13 public library systems across 15 counties had already conjugated the consortium, in addition to the South Carolina State program library. Librarytechnology. org does an annual survey of over 2,400 libraries and noted in 2008 2%8 of those surveyed used open source ILS, in 2009 the number increased to 8%,9 in 2010 1 2%,10 and in 2011 11% 11 of the libraries polled had adopted open source ILSs. editExamples Open-source Evergreen Greenstone Invenio Koha Kuali OLE NewGenLib PhpMyBibli OpenBiblioVuFind Proprietary Aleph from Ex Libris Innovative Interfaces LibrarySolution, LibrarySolution for Schools, and CARLX from The Library Corporation LibraryWorld NOSA Qulto System SirsiDynix, Symphonycurrent version and Unicorna legacy system. SydneyPLUS International Capita low formerly Talis Alto (UK and Ireland) Virtua, former VTLS, from VTLS Inc. Voyager from former company Endeavor Information Systems, later acquired by Ex Libris (Polish) MOL, Patron and MOLIK interface created for children (Polish) SOWA, SOWA2, SOWA2/MARC21, SOWA2/MARC21/SQLLegacy NOTIS Dynix editSee also Library and information erudition portal Library computer system OPAC List of next-generation catalogs History of Library Automation editReferences Adamson, Veronica, et al. (2008). JISC & SCONUL Library Management Systems Study PD F (1 MB). Sheffield, UK Sero Consulting. p. 51. Retrieved on 21 January 2009. a Library Management System (LMS or ILS Integrated Library System in US parlance). Some useful library automation software are KOHA ,Grennstone . LIBsis, and granthlaya.Tennant, Roy (16 April 2008). pick out When to Jump, Part 2. Library Journal. Reed Business Information. Retrieved 20 January 2009. Across the pond they use the term library management systems (LMS) for what we call the integrated library system (ILS). a b Wallace, Patricia M. (1991). Gary M. Pitkin. ed. Library Systems Migration An Introduction. Westport, CT Meckler. p. 3. ISBN 0-88736-738-0. a b c Wallace, Patricia M. (1991). Gary M. Pitkin. ed. Library Systems Migration An Introduction. Westport, CT Meckler. p. 4. ISBN 0-88736-738-0. a b Kochtanek, Thomas R. (2002). 1 The development of LIS and Enabling Technologies. Library Information Systems From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions. Westport, CT Libr aries Unlimited. p. 4. ISBN 1-59158-018-8. Kochtanek, Thomas R. (2002). 1 The Evolution of LIS and Enabling Technologies. Library Information Systems From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions. Westport, CT Libraries Unlimited. p. 5. ISBN 1-59158-018-8. a b c Hamby, R. McBride, R. , & Lundberg, M.(2011, Oct. ). South Carolinas SCLENDS optimizing libraries, transforming lending. Computers in Libraries. 8 31 610. http//www. librarytechnology. org/perceptions2008. pl http//www. librarytechnology. org/perceptions2009. pl http//www. librarytechnology. org/perceptions2010. pl http//www. librarytechnology. org/perceptions2011. pl editFurther reading Olson, N. (2010). Taken for Granted The Construction of Order in the Process of Library Management System Decision Making (Vol. 45). Goteborg / Boras Valfrid publishing.1 Rubin, Richard E. Foundations of Library and Information Science. New York Neal-Schuman Publishers, Inc. , 2004. editExternal relate MARC Re cords, Systems and Tools Network Development and MARC Standards Office, Library of Congress Higher Education Library Technology,(HELibTech) a wiki supported by SCONUL (Society of College National and University Libraries) that covers many aspects of library technology and lists technologies in use in UK Higher Education Key resources in the field of Library Automation Categories Library automation

Atticus Finch Monologue Analysis Essay

Atticus Finch Monologue, analysis Gentle hands, I sh totally be brief, scarcely I would resembling to role my be time with you to remind you that the gaffe of Mayella Ewell vs. Tom Robinson is not a difcult one. To begin with, this case should dedicate never come to trial. The state of Alabama has not produced one iota of medical evidence that shows that the execration Tom Robinson is charged with ever took place. This case is as simple as black and white. It requires no refined sifting of complicated facts, but it does require you to be sure beyond all sympathyable dubiety as to the guilt of the defendant.Miss Ewell did both(prenominal)thing that in our society is unspeakable she is white, and she tempted a Negro. The defendant is not guilty, but someone in this courtroom is. I sire nothing but pity in my oculus for the chief witness for the state, but my pity does not extend so far as to her place a mans life at stake. She knew full well the enormity of her offense, bu t because her desires were stronger than the enactment she was breaking, she persisted. The state of Alabama has relied solely upon the testimony of two witnesses whos evidence has not provided been called into upright question, but has been atly contradicted by the defendant.I need not remind you of their appearance and conduct on the stand. They have presented themselves in the cynical condence that their testimony would not be doubted. They were condent that you, the jury, would go along with the evil assumption that all Negros lie, and are immoral. Mr. Robinson is accused of rape, when it was she who made the advances on him. He put his word against two white peoples, and now he is on trial for no apparent reason- except that he is black.Thomas Jefferson once said that all men are created liken, a phrase that the government is fond of hurling at us. There is a tendency in this year of grace, 1935, for certain people to use that phrase out of context, to satisfy all conditio ns. We know that all men are not created equal in the sense that some people would have us believe. just about people are smarter than others, some people have more opportunity because they are born with it, some men have more money than others, and some people are more gifted than others. still there is one way in this country in which all men are created equal. An ecesis that makes a pauper the equal of a Rockefeller, theignorant man the equal of any president, and the stupid man the equal of Einstein.That institution is the court. But a court is only as sound as its jury, and the jury is only as sound as the men who make it up. I am condent that you gentlemen auf wiedersehen on review without passion the evidence you have heard, come to a decision, and restore the defendant to his family. In the make believe of God, do your duty. In the name of God, gentlemen, believe Tom Robinson. I could shoot all the blue jays I wanted, if I could hit em, but to remember it was a sin to k ill a mockingbirdWell, I reckon because mockingbirds dont do anything but make music for us to enjoy.They dont eat peoples gardens, dont nest in the corncribs, they dont do one thing but just sing their hearts out for us. Atticus represents morality and reason in To Kill a Mockingbird. As a grapheme, Atticus is even-handed throughout the story. He is one of the in truth few characters who never has to rethink his position on an issue. His parenting style is quite unique in that he treats his children as adults, honestly answering any question they have.He uses all these instances as an opportunity to pass his values on to Scout and Jem. Scout says that Do you really think so? . . . was Atticuss dangerous question because he delighted in helping people see a slip in a new light. Atticus uses this approach not only with his children, but with all of Maycomb. And yet, for all of his mature treatment of Jem and Scout, he patiently recognizes that they are children and that they will m ake childish mistakes and assumptions. Ironically, Atticuss oneinsecurity seems to be in the child-rearing department, and he often defends his ideas about raising children to those more undergo and more traditional. His stern but fair attitude toward Jem and Scout reaches into the courtroom as well. He politely proves that Bob Ewell is a liar he respectfully questions Mayella about her role in Toms crisis. One of the things that his longtime friend Miss Maudie admires about him is that Atticus Finch is the same in his house as he is on the public streets.The only time he seriously lectures his children is on the evils of taking avail of those less fortunate or less educated, a philosophy he carries into the animal world by his refusal to hunt. And although most of the town readily pins the label trash on other people, Atticus reserves that specialisation for those people who unfairly exploit others. Atticus believesin justice and the justice system. He doesnt like criminal law, yet he accepts the appointment to Tom Robinsons case.He knows before he begins that hes going to lose this case, but that doesnt stop him from giving Tom the strongest defense he possibly can. And, importantly, Atticus doesnt put so much effort into Toms case because hes an African American, but because he is innocent. Atticus feels that the justice system should be comment blind, and he defends Tom as an innocent man, not a man of color. Atticus is the adult character least infected by prejudice in the novel. He has no problem with his children attending Calpurnias church, or with a black woman essentially raising his children. He admonishes Scout not to use racial slurs, and is careful to always use the terms acceptable for his time and culture.He goes to Helens planetary house to tell her of Toms death, which means a white man spending time in the black community. Other men in town wouldve sent a messenger and left it at that. His lack of prejudice doesnt apply only to other r aces, however. He is unaffected by Mrs. Duboses caustic tongue, Miss Stephanie Crawfords catty gossip, and even Walter Cunninghams thinly veiled threat on his life. He doesnt retaliate when Bob Ewell spits in his face because he understands that he has wounded Ewells pride the only real possession this man has. Atticus accepts these people because he is an expert at climbing into other peoples skin and walking around in it.